Home dust microbiota is disordered in homes of low-income asthmatic children

Abstract

Objective: Exposure to microorganisms has repeatedly been found to influence development of atopic diseases, such as asthma. Innovative techniques have been developed that can comprehensively characterize microbial communities. The objective of this study was to characterize the home microbiota of asthmatic children utilizing 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis by microarray. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, DNA was extracted from home dust and bacterial 16S rRNA genes amplified. Bacterial products were hybridized to the PhyloChip Array and scanned using a GeneArray scanner (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The Adonis test was used to determine significant differences in the whole microbiome. Welch’s t-test was used to determine significant abundance differences and genus-level richness differences. Results: Nineteen homes were included in the analysis (14 asthma and five no asthma). About 1741 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in at least one sample. Bacterial genus richness did not differ in the homes of asthmatics and non-asthmatics (p = 0.09). The microbial profile was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.025). All the top 12 OTUs with significant abundance differences were increased in homes of asthmatics and belonged to one of the five phyla (p = 0.001 to p = 7.2 × 10⁻⁶). Nearly half of significant abundance differences belonged to the phylum Cyanobacteria or Proteobacteria. Conclusions: These results suggest that home dust has a characteristic microbiota which is disturbed in the homes of asthmatics, resulting in a particular abundance of Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria. Further investigations are needed which utilize high-throughput technology to further clarify how home microbial exposures influence human health and disease.

• Built environment
• cyanobacteria
• damp environments
• microbiome
• pediatrics

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Edward Ellerbeck for his thoughtful review of this manuscript and the families that have participated in the KCHHP who have selflessly volunteered to allow us into their homes and have provided us with intimate details of their lives with the hope that future generations may become less burdened with allergic disease.

Declaration of interest

The authors do not have any relevant conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.