Clinical Forms of Endotoxemia in Burns

Abstract

Two groups of patients in whom endotoxemia was suspected were studied with respect to the laboratory data, clinical picture and autopsy findings. The first group showed the signs of gram-negative septicemia (age range 3 to 54 years with burns of 25 to 80% TBSA) and the second group (age range 20 to 76 years with burns not greater than 20% TBSA) showed an unexpected deterioration of the patient's condition. In 15 patients we established the diagnosis of endotoxemia on positive Limulus test as well as on other laboratory examinations and on the clinical signs. Five different forms of endotoxemia were distinguished varying in the evoking circumstance, clinical manifestation and pathological findings at autopsy: (1) the so called laboratory form—all survived; (2) the pulmonary form displaying the most brief and fulminant course—all died; (3) the form of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy; (4) the form of endotoxic shock due to administration of antibiotics; (5) the form of endotoxic shock as terminal stage of protracted gram-negative septicemia—the fatal outcome was inevitable in all cases. The authors stress the importance of minding and preventing all circumstances that might provoke the endotoxic (septic) shock.