Delayed Closure of the Hard Palate: A Comparison of Speech in Children with Open and Functionally Closed Residual Clefts

Abstract

The speech of 20 children with cleft in the hard palate that had not yet been repaired was evaluated and analysed at 7 years of age. The cleft in the hard palate was open in 14 patients and functionally closed in six. All children were born with cleft lip and palate and treated surgically according to a routine that included delayed closure of the hard palate until age 8–10 years. The soft palate was repaired at approximately 6–8 months of age. Tape recordings were used for perceptual analysis of the speech. Maxillary casts were used to assess approximate age for functional closure of the residual cleft. Speech results showed only mild hypernasality for both groups of subjects which indicates acceptable velopharyngeal function in the whole group. Children with open residual clefts had significantly more nasal escape and a higher prevalence of compensatory retracted articulation than children with functionally closed clefts. The functional closure seems to have occurred at about the age of 18–36 months. Factors which appear to facilitate narrowing of the residual cleft include the original width of the cleft, the amount of tissue in the alveolar and palatal processes, and anterior placement of a vomer flap.

Key Words:

• cleft lip and palate
• compensatory articulation
• delayed hard palate closure
• residual cleft
• retracted articulation
• functional closure
• speech