Clinical Significance of GPR56, Transglutaminase 2, and NF-κB in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Tasneem KausarDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head & Neck Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Rinu SharmaDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head & Neck Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Md. Raghibul HasanDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head & Neck Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Satyendra Chandra TripathiDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head & Neck Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Anoop SarayaDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head & Neck Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Tushar K. ChattopadhyayDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head & Neck Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Siddartha Datta GuptaDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head & Neck Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Ranju RalhanDepartment of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India, Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head & Neck Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaCorrespondence[email protected] [email protected]

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Abstract

Proteins do not operate as individual units, and components of intracellular canonical pathways often cross talk in tumor genesis. We hypothesized that G-protein-coupled receptor 56 (GPR56), transglutaminase (TG2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) may collaborate in interconnected pathways and contribute to the aggressive behavior of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immunohistochemical analysis of GPR56, TG2, and NF-κB was carried out using ESCC tissue microarrays. Immunostaining of all the three proteins revealed a significant increase in their expression in ESCCs as compared with normal epithelia and correlated with their concomitant expression. A significant correlation between GPR56, TG2, and NF-κB was observed that correlated with nodal metastasis and tumor invasion in ESCCs.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The financial support from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, is gratefully acknowledged. Tasneem Kausar and Raghibul Hasan are the recipients of fellowships from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and Department of Biotechnology, India, respectively.

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Clinical Significance of GPR56, Transglutaminase 2, and NF-κB in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Clinical Significance of GPR56, Transglutaminase 2, and NF-κB in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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