Advances in paper-based sample pretreatment for point-of-care testing

Rui Hua TangSchool of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China;

Hui YangSchool of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; Correspondence[email protected]

Jane Ru ChoiThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Yan GongThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China;

Shang Sheng FengThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China;

Belinda Pingguan-MurphyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Qing Sheng HuangSchool of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China;

Jun Ling ShiSchool of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China;

Qi Bing MeiSchool of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, P.R. China;

Feng XuThe Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; ;Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P.R. China; Correspondence[email protected]

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Abstract

In recent years, paper-based point-of-care testing (POCT) has been widely used in medical diagnostics, food safety and environmental monitoring. However, a high-cost, time-consuming and equipment-dependent sample pretreatment technique is generally required for raw sample processing, which are impractical for low-resource and disease-endemic areas. Therefore, there is an escalating demand for a cost-effective, simple and portable pretreatment technique, to be coupled with the commonly used paper-based assay (e.g. lateral flow assay) in POCT. In this review, we focus on the importance of using paper as a platform for sample pretreatment. We firstly discuss the beneficial use of paper for sample pretreatment, including sample collection and storage, separation, extraction, and concentration. We highlight the working principle and fabrication of each sample pretreatment device, the existing challenges and the future perspectives for developing paper-based sample pretreatment technique.

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Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

This work was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2014JM1002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11472224), the Key (Key grant) Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (313045), and the International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2013DFG02930). BP-M and JRC received funding from the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Government of Malaysia under the high impact research (UM.C/HIR/MOHE/ENG/44).

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