Molecular Mechanisms of Actions of Formulations of the Thyroid Hormone Analogue, Tetrac, on the Inflammatory Response

Paul J. DavisPharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA;Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USACorrespondence[email protected]

Gennadi V. GlinskySanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

Hung-Yun LinPharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA;Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan

Sandra IncerpiDepartment of Biology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy

Faith B. DavisPharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA

Shaker A. MousaPharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA

Heng Yuan TangPharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA

Aleck HercbergsDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Mary K. LuidensDepartment of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA

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Abstract

Background. Tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac) and its nanoparticulate formulation (Nanotetrac) act at a cell surface receptor to block angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation. Objective. The complex anti-angiogenic properties of tetrac and Nanotetrac caused us to search in the literature and in certain of our unpublished mRNA experiments for evidence that these agents affect the early inflammatory response, perhaps through actions on specific cytokines and chemokines. Results and Discussion. Tetrac and Nanotetrac inhibit expression in tumor cells of cytokine genes, e.g., specific interleukins, and chemokine genes, such as fractalkine (CX3CL1), and chemokine receptor genes (CX3CR1) that have been identified as high priority targets in the development of inflammation-suppressant drugs. The possibility is also examined that tetrac formulations have an effect on the function of inflammatory cells.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Actions of Formulations of the Thyroid Hormone Analogue, Tetrac, on the Inflammatory Response

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Molecular Mechanisms of Actions of Formulations of the Thyroid Hormone Analogue, Tetrac, on the Inflammatory Response

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