Atterns of Lymphokine Production by Primary Antigen-Specific/MHC Restricted Murine Helper T Cell Clones

Abstract

In this study we examined a panel of CD4⁺ antigen specific/MHC restricted T cell clones for their ability to secrete IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ upon stimulation with con A, three lymphokines which are diagnostic for the Th1 and Th2 subtypes of helper T cells. Eight of the twelve clones we analyzed did not fit the classical Th1/Th2 patterns of lymphokine secretion. Seven of these clones secreted both IL-2 and IL-4 and two of these also produced IFN-γ. The remaining non-classical clone secreted IL-4 and IFN-γ but not IL-2. Data from the subcloning of the IL-2/IL-4/IFN-γ triple producers were not consistent with the parental lines being a mixture of Th1 and Th2 cells. The IL-2/IL-4 double producers (IFN-γ negative) cannot be explained by the parental lines being a mixture of the Th1 and Th2 subtypes. Nevertheless, these double producers were subcloned and the results provided convincing evidence that clones which secrete both IL-2 and IL-4 do exist. Lymphokine loss variants involving IL-2, IL-4 or IFN-y were observed among subclones derived from the double and triple producers as well as in several parental lines maintained in continuous culture. We also observed the appearance of inducible IFN-γ production in some subclones derived from parental clones where production of IFN-γ was not detectable. The phenotypes of these variants failed to indicate an obvious trend toward the Th1 and Th2 subtypes. Thus, our results suggest that more heterogeneity in the population of CD4⁺helper T cells exists than can be explained by the Th1 and Th2 subtypes of these cells.