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International Reviews of Immunology Volume 31, 2012 - Issue 5
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REVIEW

Post-Stroke Immunodeficiency: Effects of Sensitization and Tolerization to Brain Antigens

Arash Esmaeili;Brain and Spinal Injuries Repair Research Center
,
Sahar Dadkhahfar;Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center and
,
Kaveh Fadakar;Molecular Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and
&
Nima Rezaei;Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UKCorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 396-409 | Accepted 17 Aug 2012, Published online: 19 Oct 2012
 
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Abstract

Acute onset of cerebrovascular diseases seems to be related to a number of immunological alternations. After the initial pro-inflammatory response to brain ischemia accompanied by systemic inflammatory response syndrome, stroke interferes with function of the innate and the adaptive immune cells, resulting in systemic immunosuppression. Although post-stroke immunodeficiency could predispose patients to life-threatening infections, it could potentially protect brain via reducing autoimmune reaction to the brain antigens. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the immunological alterations after brain ischemia, particularly effects of infection for stimulation of autoimmune response against brain antigens.

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