The Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract in Preventing Amikacin-Induced Nephropathy

Abstract

Background/Aims: Nephrotoxicity induced by aminoglycosides (AGs) limits their clinical use. As yet, no molecules have been approved to prevent AG nephropathy. We aim to investigate the effectiveness of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) in the prevention of amikacin (AK)-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: A total of 24 rats were allocated into control, GSPE, AK, and AK + GSPE groups. While 1 mL saline was administered for 6 days in control and AK groups, 100 mg/kg GSPE was administered in GSPE and AK + GSPE groups. On day 7, intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline was administered in control and GSPE groups, while 1.2 g/kg i.p. AK was administered in AK and AK + GSPE groups. The experiment was terminated on day 9. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of renal functions. Renal tissues of the rats were removed for the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant system (TOS), total antioxidant system, oxidative stress index (OSI), and for histopathological examination. Results: MDA level was found to be lower in GSPE group compared with other study groups. There was significantly more renal histopathological damage and higher blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, TOS, OSI, and MDA levels in the AK group compared with the control and AK + GSPE groups. The same parameters showed significant improvement in AK + GSPE group compared with AK group. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate for the first time that GSPE reduces oxidative damage in AK nephropathy and provides biochemical and renal histopathological improvements.

• AG nephropathy
• amikacin-induced nephropathy
• grape seed proanthocyanidin
• GSPE
• MDA
• oxidative system

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank Kale Natural Herbal Products Food Cosmetics and Agriculture Ltd., which has provided the grape seed extract used in this study. This study was supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Karadeniz Technical University.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.