Acute Tubular Necrosis and Renal Failure in Patients with Glomerular Disease

Abstract

Renal failure is common in patients with glomerular disease. Although renal failure may result from the glomerular lesion itself, it is also observed in patients with minimal glomerular alterations. Degenerative changes and necrosis of the tubular epithelium are common findings in kidney biopsies from these patients. The aim of this work is to examine the association between acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and renal failure in patients with glomerulopathy and to estimate the relationship between the degree of ATN and renal failure in these patients. Data on age, sex, presence of nephrotic syndrome, and renal failure were recorded for 149 patients, who underwent a renal biopsy for the diagnosis of glomerulopathy. The biopsies were reviewed, and ATN, when present, was classified as one of four grades depending on its intensity. The mean age of the patients was 21 ± 16 years. Eighty patients (54%) were male, 43 (42%) had renal failure, 104 (72%) had nephrotic syndrome, and 66 (45%) had minimal change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. ATN was present in 115 (77%) patients. The frequency of renal failure was directly correlated with the intensity of ATN [odds ratio (OR) of 26.0 for patients with grade 2 lesions and OR of 45.5 for patients with grade 3 lesions]. ATN is a common finding in the biopsies of patients with glomerulopathy. The severity of ATN is directly associated with the frequency of renal failure in these patients.

• acute kidney injury
• acute tubular necrosis
• glomerular disease
• nephrotic syndrome
• histological score
• histopathology

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We thank the staff of the nephrology referral services of Salvador, BA, particularly Dr. Marilia B. de Oliveira from the Hospital Ana Nery; Dr. Marcia F. Carneiro and Dr. Rilma Santos from the Hospital Roberto Santos General; and Dr. Marcia Conrado from the Hospital Santo Antonio.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.