Identification of autoantibodies against inner ear antigens in a cohort of children with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss

Abstract

Immune-mediated pathogenesis has been suggested for idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss. Recent studies have investigated the relationship between idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss and autoantibodies against inner ear antigens. We conducted a prospective, observational study in a series of pediatric patients affected by idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss. Autoantibodies against inner ear (anti-Cogan peptide, anti-connexin 26, anti-DEP1/CD148 and anti-reovirus), previously described in the serum of patients with Cogan’s syndrome, were detected in our population. The characteristics of children whose results were positive were also evaluated to verify if clinical data, disease progression and response to treatment could confirm an immune-mediated pathogenesis. Eleven patients were enrolled and 9 of them were positive for inner ear antibodies. Non-organ specific autoantibodies were present in 5 children out of 9. An immune-mediated condition was diagnosed in 2 cases and minor immune manifestations were found in 2 additional patients. In 5 cases hearing loss remained stable without therapy, while 4 children developed progression. Two subjects were treated with corticosteroids and methotrexate, achieving hearing improvement. Another subject showed stabilization on methotrexate. Inner ear autoantibodies can be positive in children with autoimmune sensorineural hearing loss, and in conjunction with clinical data may assist the clinician in identifying a subset amenable for immune modulation therapy. Large prospective studies are needed to investigate usefulness, diagnostic and prognostic role of these autoantibodies.

• Cogan’s syndrome autoantibodies
• immune-mediated
• inner ear disease
• observational study
• pediatric population