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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-endotoxin effects of sinomenine, fangchinoline, stachydrine, chuanxionggzine, oxymartrine and evodiamine alkaloids commonly found in Chinese herbal medicines. Porcine endothelial cells were challenged with 1 μg LPS/ml for 3 h and then treated with one of the six alkaloids at three concentrations (1, 5 or 10 μg/ml) for a further 21 h. The supernatants of the cultures were then collected and analyzed for levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-10, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and IL-2 using ELISA kits. The results revealed that sinomenine, stachydrine and chuanxionggzine inhibited production of NO; stachydrine and evodiamine inhibited secretion of IL-10; sinomenine and chuanxionggzine down-regulated ICAM-1 expression; oxymartrine and evodiamine decreased production of IL-2 by the LPS-stimulated endothelial cells. Overall, the data from these studies suggested to us that these six alkaloids might effectively reduce inflammatory responses in situ via changes in the formation of these key regulatory molecules/proteins.
Acknowledgements
The authors greatly appreciate the help we received from all of our colleagues and collaborators in these experiments.
Declaration of interest
This work was supported by Innovation of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu province (cx5030), Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (201503150 and 201403051), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31072155 and 31302114). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content of the paper.