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Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 27, 2015 - Issue 14
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Review Article

The footprint of TGF-β in airway remodeling of the mustard lung

, , &
Pages 745-753 | Received 02 Jul 2015, Accepted 02 Nov 2015, Published online: 26 Nov 2015
 

Abstract

Mustard lung is a major pulmonary complication in individuals exposed to sulfur mustard (SM) gas during the Iran–Iraq war. It shares common pathological and clinical features with some chronic inflammatory lung disorders, particularly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway remodeling, which is one of the main causes of lung dysfunction and the dominant phenomenon of chronic pulmonary diseases, is seen in the mustard lung. Among all mediators involved in the remodeling process, the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β plays a pivotal role in lung fibrosis and consequently in the airway remodeling. Regarding the high levels of this mediator detected in mustard lung patients, in the present study, we have discussed the possible roles of TGF-β in airway remodeling (including epithelial layer damage, subepithelial fibrosis and angiogenesis). Finally, based on TGF-β targeting, we have reviewed new airway remodeling therapeutic approaches.

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