Surgery for Supranuclear Monocular Elevation Deficiency

Abstract

Purpose: We report a novel approach to surgery for monocular elevation deficiency (MED).

Methods: A retrospective review of 5 patients undergoing surgery for supranuclear MED between 2003 and 2014. All patients had intact Bell’s phenomenon, hypotropia, limited elevation above the primary position, and negative forced duction testing of the paretic eye. Preoperatively all patients preferred chin-up head posture and three had pseudoptosis or ptosis. One of the 5 had prior vertical muscle surgery. Surgery correction for the MED consisted of near maximal superior rectus recession on the contralateral sound eye.

Results: Compensatory chin-up head position and alignment in primary position was improved in all patients. Average age at surgery was 5.3 years. Average superior rectus recession was 9.7 mm. Mean follow-up was 4.8 years (range 12 months to 11.5 years). The vertical deviation of the paretic eye in primary position postoperatively was orthotropic for 2, hypotropic for 2, and overcorrected for 1.

Conclusions: In cases of supranuclear MED (double elevator palsy) contralateral superior rectus recession based on the innervational principle is a simple and reliable alternative surgical approach compared to published results of the Knapp transposition procedure. Additionally, it holds the possibility for decreased complications and less complicated future surgical treatment options.

• Double elevator palsy
• hypertropia
• innervational surgery
• Knapp procedure
• monocular elevation deficiency
• strabismus surgery
• supranuclear palsy

Declaration of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Literature Search: PubMed and MEDLINE were searched up to May 2014 for monocular elevation deficiency AND each of the following: treatment, surgery, Knapp procedure, innervational surgery, and natural history.

Funding: This work was supported in part by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness.

Contributors: MCS: conception and design, collection of data, data analysis, interpretation of data, drafting the manuscript, approval of manuscript; JCL: collection of data, data analysis, drafting the manuscript.