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Abstract
Purpose: To determine uptake, barriers and outcomes in the follow-up of patients referred for free-of-charge, expedited cataract surgery in the Sao Paulo Eye Study (SPES).
Methods: SPES was a population-based study of urban, low-middle income residents aged ≥50 years. Presenting visual acuity (PVA), best-corrected visual acuity, refraction, and slit-lamp examination were performed in 3677 participants. For subjects with cataract as a principal cause of best-corrected visual acuity ≤20/40, surgery was offered free of charge. Two years after the baseline study, surgery uptake, barriers to surgery, and visual outcomes were analyzed.
Results: Among 210 (5.71%) participants who had a cataract surgery indication at baseline, 164 (78.1%) were successfully contacted and 55 (33.5%) reported being operated on for cataract, with 51 agreeing to be re-examined. In a multiple logistic regression model, age, sex, schooling, previous cataract surgery, and PVA at baseline were not significantly associated with surgery uptake. Co-existing health conditions (20.4%), fear of surgery (12.2%) and fear of losing eyesight (11.6%) were the most frequent barriers to cataract surgery adherence. Among the 69 eyes operated on in the interval between baseline and follow-up, PVA ≥20/63 was observed in 50 (72.6%, 95% confidence interval, CI, 62.2–82.3%), PVA <20/63–20/200 in 11 (15.8%, 95% CI 8.9–22.9%) and PVA <20/200 in 8 (11.6%, 95% CI 5.3–17.9%).
Conclusions: Quality of surgery is an increasing determinant of uptake rates. Although free-of-charge and expedited cataract surgery was offered, surgical outcomes might have influenced the low uptake. Aside from cataract surgery campaigns, improvement of surgeon skills, accurate biometry, treatment of ocular comorbidities, postoperative follow-up and eye-care education are needed.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.
Financial support was received from: Coordenadoria de Apoio a Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES, Brasilia, Brasil) post-doctoral scholarship to MHM; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brasilia, Brasil) research scholarships to AB, RB and SRS; and World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland (under the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland contract no. NEI-EY-2103).