Clinical Competency of 1-Year Trained Vision Technicians in Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Purpose: To assess clinical competency of 1-year trained vision technicians (VTs) in detecting and referring causes of visual impairment in India.

Methods: Eye examination results and management plans for 328 patients examined by 24 VTs in 24 vision centers of LV Prasad Eye Institute in Andhra Pradesh were compared with those of a standard optometrist who examined the same patients. Eye examinations included retinoscopy and subjective refraction, slit lamp examination, applanation tonometry and undilated direct ophthalmoscopy. Data were analyzed for level of concordance in retinoscopy, spectacle prescription, disease detection and referral.

Results: VTs demonstrated moderate to good levels of agreement in refraction, disease detection and referral. Sensitivity and specificity for ocular pathology identification were 77.4% (95% confidence interval, CI, 69.4–84.2%) and 86.6% (95% CI 81.1–91.1%), respectively. The highest sensitivity was demonstrated in detecting significant cataract (91.5%) and refractive error (83.0%). VT spectacle prescriptions were accurate 76% of the time for mean spherical equivalent and 65% of the time for astigmatism. VT sensitivity in detecting posterior segment abnormalities was low (18.5%) resulting in failure to detect retinal conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy. Despite lack of recognition of the specific pathology, referral decisions were correct in 78.4% of cases.

Conclusion: VTs in India competently detect and manage or refer the two most common causes of visual impairment; uncorrected refractive error and cataract. Over two-thirds of patients received accurate and appropriate services from VTs, suggesting that they are a useful and competent cadre for rural and remote eye care.

• Clinical competency
• disease detection
• retinoscopy
• vision technician
• visual impairment

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank Dr Thomas Naduvilath at the Brien Holden Vision Institute for his statistical advice and staff at the LV Prasad Eye Institute for their extensive support during the study visits. The standard optometrist and participating vision technicians at the LV Prasad Eye Institute, Andhra Pradesh, India, are also acknowledged for their contributions.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Financial support for this study was provided by the Vision Cooperative Research Centre, Australia and the Brien Holden Vision Institute, Australia.