Nomegestrol acetate sequentially or continuously combined to estradiol did not negatively affect membrane-receptor associated progestogenic effects in human breast cancer cells

Abstract

Objectives: Recently the first monophasic contraceptive pill containing estradiol has been developed which is thought to be a milestone in contraception. Nomegestrol acetate (NOM) is the progestogenic component. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is highly expressed in the tissue of breast cancer patients, and can predict a progestogen dependent risk of breast cancer. Methods: MCF-7 cells were transfected with PGRMC1 expression plasmid, and were stimulated with estradiol (E2, 10⁻¹² and 10⁻¹⁰ M). NOM, progesterone (P), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethisterone (NET) (each 10⁻⁷ M) were added sequentially or continuously. Results: E2 at 10⁻¹⁰ M elicited a significant increase of cell proliferation from 150 to 200%. No effect was seen at 10⁻¹² M. Addition of the progestogens to E2 at 10⁻¹⁰ M had no significant effect. However, at an E2 10⁻¹² M, NET significantly stimulated cell proliferation more pronounced in the continuous combined model. No effect was seen for NOM, P and MPA. The E2/NET combined effect could be abrogated by the addition of an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist. Conclusion: Since NOM did not increase proliferation it may be concluded that it will be neutral in terms of breast cancer risk when combined with E2 at least in women overexpressing PGRMC1.

Keywords::

• Progesterone
• synthetic progestogens
• progesterone receptor membrane component 1
• breast cancer cells
• proliferation

Declaration of Interest: The authors report no declarations of interest.