Biological Factors in Alcohol Use and Abuse: implications for recognizing and preventing alcohol problems in adolescence

Abstract

Some, but not all alcoholism, ‘runs in families’—about half of hospitalised alcoholics give a positive family history. Characteristics can be identified which distinguish the ‘familial’ or ‘primary’ disorder from other types. The background research which points to these conclusions is reviewed: family studies, twin studies, and adoption work. Possible underlying mechanisms for familial transmission are considered and pointers examined which might identify the young person at risk. Recently evidence for biological vulnerability to development of alcoholism has very broad international implications.