Fatty acid composition in preterm and term breast milk

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine and compare the fatty acid (FA) composition of colostrum and mature milk produced by nursing mothers of preterm and at-term newborns, in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. Low contents of Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (0.02%/colostrum and 0.01%/mature milk for preterm and term milk) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (colostrum group: 0.10%/preterm and 0.09%/term; mature milk: 0.05%/preterm and 0.03%/term) were determined. The comparison among the groups showed that the elaidic acid content was significantly higher (1.67%) in mature term milk. The content of rumenic acid (conjugated linoleic acid) was significantly higher in at-term colostrum compared with preterm colostrum. When considering the maturity of the milk, there was a significant increase in the percentage of this FA in the preterm group. The results show that, overall, the greatest differences observed were between the colostrums and mature milks for both groups and not between preterm and at-term mothers.

Keywords::

• human milk
• preterm and term newborn
• colostrum
• n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
• trans fatty acids
• CLA

Declaration of interest: The authors acknowledge Bruce Manion of Cereal Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph (Canada) for reviewing this paper in English. The author reports no conflicts of interest. The author alone is responsible for the content and writing of the paper.