Facilitating employment opportunities for adults with intellectual and developmental disability through parents and social networks

Abstract

Purpose: People with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) have historically had high unemployment and underemployment rates and continue to face significant barriers to attaining and sustaining employment. The purpose of this research, conducted in Ontario, Canada was to better understand the experiences of people with IDD gaining and keeping productivity roles. Method: We used qualitative semi-structured interviews with 74 participants with IDD and their families or caregivers as proxies regarding the employment of a person with IDD. We selected a sample of persons from three different geographic regions in Ontario, Canada, and analyzed data through coding methods consistent with a grounded theory approach. Results: Our results demonstrate the importance of parents and other members of social and family networks relative to connecting with work options and sustaining work over time, especially through continued advocacy and investment. Parents helped individuals with IDD negotiate the right job fit, though they often encountered challenges as a result of their efforts. Conclusion: Practitioners must understand how to support parents to be effective advocates for their adult children with IDD, assist them to develop and maintain their social networks and help them to avoid caregiver burnout.

Implications for Rehabilitation

• People with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) face numerous challenges in indentifying work options and overcoming barriers to employment.

• Parents and other non-paid support members of social networks can be instrumental in ensuring that persons with IDD not only secure initial job placements, but also sustain employment and employment alternatives.

• Professionals that support persons with IDD can direct their efforts to helping persons with IDD develop strong social connections, as well as helping parents to prevent burnout.

• Developmental disability
• employment
• intellectual disability
• parents
• social inclusion
• social networks

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions and participation of its partners in the individual projects reported in this paper, as well as in the overall MAPS program of research. The views expressed in this article are not necessarily the views of all MAPS partners, researchers, collaborators or those of the Ministry.

Declarations of interest

This study was undertaken as part of the Multidimensional Assessment of Services and Providers (MAPS). MAPS is a research program to inform the assessment of services and supports for adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities in Ontario, Canada. MAPS (www.mapsresearch.ca) was supported by a research grant from the Government of Ontario's Ministry of Community and Social Services.