Abstract
Mania related to AIDS may occur in a variety of settings in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as in those who are not infected. In HIV seropositive patients, a manic syndrome may be the first manifestation of AIDS. Clinicians should be aware of this possibility, especially in individuals with known risk factors for AIDS, e.g., sexual promiscuity or intravenous drug abuse. Although the small number of recorded cases may suggest that mania is rarely associated with HIV infection, a more likely explanation is that manic psychosis related to AIDS is under-recognized or mistaken for dementia.