The Role of Functional Imaging in Neoplasms of the Thyroid

Abstract

Iodine-123 and Iodine-131 have suitable physical properties that enable them to be used for functional imaging of the thyroid. Iodine-123 is used for routine testing for hyperthyroidism and thyroid nodules, whereas 1-131, which has a longer half-life, is used for whole body imaging for detecting metastatic thyroid cancer in patients who have undergone thyroidectomy.

The radionuclides of iodine are trapped and organified like nonradioactive iodine. In contrast, technetium as pertechnetate is trapped by the thyroid and can be used for imaging immediately after intravenous injection. There can be differences in scintiscans made in the same patient using radioiodine vs. technetium. Thallium is a useful adjuvant imaging agent for thyroid cancer. It should be stressed that correlation with the clinical findings and biochemical thyroid function tests are very important when evaluating thyroid scintiscans.

Key Words::

• thyroid
• thyroid nodules
• thyroid cancer
• thyroid neoplasms
• radioiodine
• scintigraphy