36
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Idiopathic Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis and Endogenous Oxalate Production

, , &
Pages 39-82 | Published online: 27 Sep 2008
 

Abstract

Despite the great effort that has gone into investigating urolithiasis, this condition still persists as one of the major ailments of the urinary tract. Calcium oxalate urolithiasis is the most common form, accounting for some 60 to 80% of total stones. This review examines the elements (i.e., urine volume and pH and urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, citrate, urate, magnesium, pyrophosphate, and glycosaminoglycans) that give rise to idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Treatment strategies for idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis, including lithotripsy, also are discussed. Urinary oxalate excretion is a major risk factor for calcium oxalate urolithiasis, with 85 to 95% of the urinary load derived endogenously. The factors controlling endogenous oxalate production are reviewed, including pathways for the diversion of glyoxylate from oxalate production. The use of β-aminothiols and other substances to reduce endogenous oxalate production in subjects with idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis is also discussed. A review of current methodologies for the determination of urinary oxalate is also included.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.