The Role of Immunophenotype in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia of Infant Age

Abstract

The prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants is still significantly worse than that of older children. This is thought to be due to both clinical and biological factors, such as high white blood cell (WBC) counts at diagnosis, irregular or immature phenotypes, and molecular and cytogenetical abnormalities. In order to focus the significance of immunophenotypic analysis, we have reviewed the immunophenotypic studies of 145 infants under 18 months of age treated at the AIEOP centers from 1984 to 1992. Children have been divided in three age groups of six months each; WBC count at diagnosis has been evaluated both as mean values and within different categories (<10.10⁹/L, >50.10⁹/L, >100.10⁹/L). These have been studied in correlation with immunophenotype and with the expression of single, specific markers. A significant correlation has been found between young age, high WBC count and immature phenotypes. Common ALL was more frequent in older children and showed lower WBC counts. Moreover, event-free survival was significantly better in older children with WBC count <100.00/mm³, with CD10+, MyAg-ALL. Therefore, we suggest that immunophenotypic analysis is still an important prognostic factor and can be usefully used, together with simple clinical data, to plan therapy for ALL in infants.