Cutaneous Lymphocytic Vasculopathy in Lymphoproliferative Disorders-A Paraneoplastic Lymphocytic Vasculitis of the Skin

Abstract

In this report the histopathology and the natural history of cutaneous lymphocytic vasculopathy (lymphocytic vasculitis) in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases, is described. Between January 1986 and June 1992,116 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLL) were followed. Among them 3 patients with NHL, one with angioimmunoblastic lym-phadenopathy/lymphoma and 7 with CLL developed cutaneous vasculitic changes during the course of their disease (incidence of 9.5%). All patients had advanced stage disease. Lymphomas were of B-cell origin and either low or intermediate grade.

The median time between the diagnosis of NHL or CLL and the appearance of skin manifestations was 18 months. Recurrent vasculitic changes involving exclusively the skin, was characterized by a (maculo)papular rash, most commonly found in the upper and lower extremities. Pruritus of varying intensity was present in 82% of the patients. In the biopsy, all had perivascular and/or vessel wall lymphocytic infiltration of the dermis with occasional red cell extravasation. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that these infiltrates were mainly composed of T-lymphocytes.

We conclude, that cutaneous lymphocytic vasculopathy is a relatively common paraneoplastic skin manifestation in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and histologically is characterized as lymphocytic vasculitis with (peri)vascular infiltration by non-malignant T lymphocytes.

Key Words:

• Skin vasculitis
• lymphocytic vasculitis
• lymphomas
• chronic lymphocytic leukemia