Cytogenetics of Hybrid Acute Leukemias

Antonio Cuneo Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Marc Boogaerts Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Augustine Ferrant Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Jean Louis Michaux Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Andre Bosly Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Andre Louwagie Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Herman Van Den Berghe Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Rosa Balsamo Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Grazia Roberti Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Antonella Bardi Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

Gianluigi Castoldi Institute of Hematology, University of Ferrara, Italy; Institute of Hematology, University of Leuven, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Dept of Hematology, University ot Louvain, Mont-Godinne, Belgium

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Abstract

Although the recognition of hybrid acute leukemia (HAL) is still controversial, several reports have described cytogenetic findings in these leukemias over the last 3 years. A distinct chromosomal profile appears to be associated with different immunologic subsets of HAL. The classical t(15;17). and inv(16) as well as abnormalities of the long arm of chromosome 5 and/or 7 are preferentially associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with T-cell features: the t(8;21)(q22;q22), the Ph chromosome, and 11q23 rearrangements are more frequently found in AML with B-cell features; the Ph chromosome, t11q23 and 11q32 breaks without rearrangements of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene may be associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with myeloid markers.

In addition, some chromosome aberrations may be encountered more frequently in acute leukemia with major phenotype deviations than in unselected cases of acute leukemia: namely the Ph chromosome, 11q23 rearrangements, arid + 13. These chromosome changes appear to be associated with a low complete remission (CK) rate. An association has been documented in, some patients with ALL between the presence of the t(9;22) and a minor myeloid component consisting of 5–15% blast cells with myelomonocytic features, raising the possibillity that a diagnosis of bilineal acute leukemia would be more appropriate in such cases. These patients appear to have a severe outcome with significantly lower CF. rate than similar cases of Ph-positive ALL without a minor myeloid component. From these data the conclusion can be drawn that, although the chromosomal profile of HAL is far from being complete, a multiparameter analysis, combining morphology. immunology and cytogenetics may represent a valuable tool in clinical practice for a correct classification of these leukemias.

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Cytogenetics of Hybrid Acute Leukemias

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Cytogenetics of Hybrid Acute Leukemias

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