Antiproteinuric Effect of Cilnidipine in Hypertensive Japanese Treated with Renin-Angiotensin-System Inhibitors - A Multicenter, Open, Randomized Trial Using 24-Hour Urine Collection

Abstract

Sustained proteinuria is an important risk factor for not only renal but also cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have been shown to reduce proteinuria. Monotherapy with those drugs is often insufficient for optimal blood pressure (BP)-lowering and therefore, combined therapy is needed. Recent reports suggested that cilnidipine, a dual L-/N-type calcium channel blocker, has renoprotective effect by dilating both efferent and afferent arterioles. In this study, a multicenter, open, randomized trial was designed to compare the antiproteinuric effect between cilnidipine and amlodipine when coupled with RAS inhibitors in hypertensive patients with significant proteinuria. Proteinuria was evaluated by 24-h home urine collection for all patients. A total of 35 proteinuric (>0.1 g/day) patients with uncontrolled BP (>135/85 mmHg) were randomized to receive either cilnidipine (n = 18) or amlodipine (n = 17) after a 6-month treatment with RAS inhibitors and were followed for 48 weeks. At baseline, the cilnidipine group was older and had lower body mass index (BMI) compared to the amlodipine group. After 32 weeks of treatment, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was slightly, but significantly reduced, in the cilnidipine group, although systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean BP did not differ. The urinary protein did not differ at baseline (cilnidipine group 0.48 g/day, amlodipine group 0.52 g/day); however, it significantly decreased in the cilnidipine group (0.22 g/day) compared to the amlodipine group (0.50 g/day) after 48 weeks of treatment. Our findings suggest that cilnidipine is superior to amlodipine in preventing the progression of proteinuria in hypertensive patients even undergoing treatment with RAS inhibitors.

Keywords:

• proteinuria
• cilnidipine
• hypertension
• renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitor
• randomized trial

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Ms. Kana Oie (Kyushu University) and Ms. Yuka Mihara (National Kyushu Medical Center) for their secretarial assistance.

Declaration of Interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.