Posttranslational protein modifications by reactive nitrogen and chlorine species and strategies for their prevention and elimination

Abstract

Proteins are subject to various posttranslational modifications, some of them being undesired from the point of view of metabolic efficiency. Prevention of such modifications is expected to provide new means of therapy of diseases and decelerate the process of aging. In this review, modifications of proteins by reactive nitrogen species and reactive halogen species, is briefly presented and means of prevention of these modifications and their sequelae are discussed, including the denitrase activity and inhibitors of myeloperoxidase.

Keywords::

• post-translational
• protein modifications
• nitrosative stress
• peroxynitrite
• nitrosylation
• nitration
• myeloperoxidase
• chlorination
• antioxidants

Declaration of interest

The authors report no declarations of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper. This review is a result of cooperation within the COST CM1001 Action and Grant 2011/01/M/NZ3/02065 from the Polish National Science Center.