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Abstract
miRNAs are endogenous non-coding RNAs that are ∼22 nucleotides in length and can have structural, enzymatic and regulatory functions. miRNAs play important roles in the progression of renal fibrosis. miR-21, through a feed-forward loop and a downstream mediator of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), amplifies TGF-β signaling and promotes fibrosis. miR-21 is high on the list of non-coding, small, regulatory RNAs that promote renal fibrosis and emerges as a serum biomarker for kidney diseases, but many questions await answers. This review was performed to sum up the role of miR-21 and its signaling pathways in renal diseases.