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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Subtypes of Smokers who Attend Psychological Treatment in Order to Stop Smoking

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Pages 1113-1123 | Published online: 15 Mar 2011
 

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify subtypes of smokers who attended psychological treatment during the period 2006–2008 for smoking cessation from a sample of current smokers (N = 202) from Galicia, Spain. Eight instruments were used for data collection. Demographic variables, smoking variables, and psychopathological characteristics were clustered to establish typologies of smokers. A two-phase cluster analysis identified two subtypes of smokers (141 in Cluster 1 and 61 in Cluster 2). Those in Cluster 2 were younger, and had made an attempt to quit in the last year. They presented higher levels of nicotine dependence and psychopathology than those in Cluster 1. Differences in nicotine withdrawal syndrome, cigarette consumption at the end of the treatment, and adherence to the treatment were significant across the two clusters.

RÉSUMÉ

Sous-types de fumeurs qui suivent un traitement psychologique pour cesser de fumer

L'objectif de cette étude est d'identifier les sous-types de fumeurs qui suivent un traitement pour cesser de fumer (dans un groupe de 202 personnes). Des caractéristiques démographiques, des variables liées à la consommation du tabac et des caractéristiques psychopathologiques ont été analysées pour établir des typologies de fumeurs. Une analyse de groupement avec deux phases a identifié deux sous-types de fumeurs (141 dans le groupement 1 et 61 dans le groupement 2). Les fumeurs du groupement 2 étaient plus jeunes et avaient essayé de cesser de fumer pendant l année précédente. Ils présentaient de plus hauts niveaux de dépendance à la nicotine et de psychopathologies que les fumeurs du groupement 1. Des différences importantes liées au syndrome du sevrage à la nicotine, à la consommation de cigarettes à la fin du traitement ainsi qu’à la tolérance au traitement ont été trouvées entre les deux groupes.

Mots-clés: sous-types, fumeurs, traitement psychologique, cessé de fumer

RESUMEN

Subtipos de fumadores que acuden a un tratamiento psicológico para dejar de fumar

El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar subtipos de fumadores en una muestra de 202 fumadores que acuden a un tratamiento psicológico para dejar de fumar. Se evaluaron características demográficas, variables relacionadas con el consumo de tabaco y características psicopatológicas para la formación de los clusters y el establecimiento de tipologías de fumadores. Un análisis cluster de dos fases identificó dos subtipos de fumadores (141 en el Cluster 1 y 61 en el Cluster 2). Los fumadores del Cluster 2 resultaron ser más jóvenes y habían hecho algún intento para dejar de fumar durante el año anterior. También presentaron mayores niveles de dependencia de la nicotina y más psicopatología que los fumadores del Cluster 1. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos clusters en cuanto al síndrome de abstinencia de la nicotina, el consumo de cigarrillos al final del tratamiento y la adherencia al tratamiento.

Palabras clave: subtipos, fumadores, tratamiento psicológico, dejar de fumar.

THE AUTHORS

Elena Fernández del Río, Ph.D., received her Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. She is a therapist in the Smoking Cessation Unit at the University of Santiago de Compostela. She has published several articles about addictive behaviors in national and international journals, mostly in the area of smoking and, especially, of personality disorders associated with addiction.

Elisardo Becoña, Ph.D., is a Professor of Clinical Psychology in the Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. Prof. Becoña is the director of the Smoking Cessation Unit at the University of Santiago de Compostela. He has published and edited 40 books, and 300 chapters of books and articles. His work is related with the area of drug prevention and treatment of addictions (tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, pathological gambling, and Internet addiction) and the development and assessment of cognitive-behavioral treatments mostly in the addiction area.

Ana López Durán, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Clinic Psychology and Psychobiology of the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. She is Master in Drug Dependence and her research is about drug assessment, treatment, and prevention. She is a therapist in the Smoking Cessation Unit at the University of Santiago de Compostela. She has published books and articles in national and international journals related with addictions.

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