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Commentary

Autoridade Brasileira de Controle de Dopagem (ABCD)

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THE AUTHORS

Azenildo Moura Santos, B.A., Ph.D., received his bachelor's degree in physical education in Faculdade de Educação Física de Santo André, São Paulo, and is an exercise physiology specialist and researcher at the Sport Sociology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil. He authored the very first book on anabolic steroids in sports and exercise in Brazil, “O Mundo Anabólico”—in Portuguese. His latest book, “Corpos Anabolizados”, published in 2013, is also in Portuguese. In addition, Santos has authored several chapters on health and physical education. He completed his Ph.D. in Public Health, with an ethnography approach, at the Public Health Institute (ISC), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil, where he was awarded a scholarship as a research fellow at the National Council of Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq), Ministry of Science and Technology, Brazil. Santos was also awarded a scholarship as a research fellow from Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Ministry of Education, Brazil, to conduct research in the Sociology Department, at Goldsmiths University of London, United Kingdom. He is a member of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS). His primary research interests include performance-enhancing substances, doping in sport and exercise, body image in sports and exercise, sport sociology, psychophysiology phenomenon in sports, sports nutrition, anabolic-androgenic steroids in public health, health promotion, and badminton.

Michael S. Bahrke, BS, MS, Ph.D., has a bachelor's degree in physical education from the University of Wisconsin—LaCrosse and a master's degree in exercise physiology and a doctorate in sport psychology from the University of Wisconsin—Madison. Bahrke has been an assistant professor at the University of Kansas, director of research for the US Army Physical Fitness School, fitness area coordinator at the University of Wisconsin, and project director for a National Institute on Drug Abuse-funded anabolic steroid research grant in the School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, at the University of Illinois in Chicago. This research project was designed to investigate the use of PES in the Chicago area and is one of the largest research projects funded by the NIDA. Bahrke has authored or co-authored more than 80 scientific publications and has made presentations at numerous scientific meetings, including the International Conference on the Abuse and Trafficking of Anabolic Steroids, sponsored by the US Drug Enforcement Administration; the American Psychological Association; and the American Psychiatric Association. He is an associate editor for Substance Use and Misuse and an ad hoc reviewer for over two dozen scientific journals. He is also co-editor of Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sport and Exercise (Human Kinetics 2002). Until recently, Bahrke was an acquisition editor in the Scientific, Technical, and Medical Division of Human Kinetics Publishing. As such, he was responsible for acquiring new titles and new editions of successful titles in the areas of exercise physiology, sport nutrition, and health and fitness instruction, among many others. He is currently a consultant with Health, Fitness, and Wellness, Ellison Bay, WI, USA.

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