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Abstract
Smokers and nonsmokers are compared in terms of (1) psychological needs, (2) self-descriptions, (3) self-esteem, (4) academic achievement in high school and college, and (5) marijuana use. On the EPPS smokers scored significantly higher on the needs for Autonomy (p <. 01), Change (p <. 02) and Heterosexuality (p <. 05), while nonsmokers scored higher on the needs for Achievement (p <. 05), Deference (p <. 001), and Order (p <. 001). Smokers rated themselves as being more sociable (p <. 05), while nonsmokers rated themselves as being more careful (p <. 05) and reliable (p <. 05). While the two groups did not diner on a measure of self-esteem, smokers were found to have lower grades in high school (p <. 05) and college (p <. 01) and to be more likely (p <. 0001) to use marijuana. These findings are compared to the results of previous studies and the need for future research is discussed.