Validation of a novel basic virtual reality simulator, the LAP-X, for training basic laparoscopic skills

Abstract

Background: Virtual reality surgical simulators are becoming popular as a means of providing trainees with an opportunity to practice laparoscopic skills. The Lap-X (Epona Medical, Rotterdam, the Netherlands) is a novel VR simulator for training basic skills in laparoscopic surgery. The objective of this study was to validate the LAP-X laparoscopic virtual reality simulator by assessing the face and construct validity in order to determine whether the simulator is adequate for basic skills training. Material and methods: The face and content validity were evaluated using a structured questionnaire. To assess the construct validity, the participants, nine expert surgeons (median age: 40 (32–45)) (>100 laparoscopic procedures) and 11 novices performed three basic laparoscopic tasks using the Lap-X. Results: The participants reported a high level of content validity. No significant differences were found between the expert surgeons and the novices (Ps > 0.246). The performance of the expert surgeons on the three tasks was significantly better than that of the novices in all parameters (Ps < 0.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated the face, content and construct validity of the Lap-X. The Lap-X holds real potential as a home and hospital training device.

Key words::

• Lap-X
• laparoscopic surgery
• validation
• education
• training

Acknowledgments

This study was partially funded by a Japanese Foundation for Research on Endoscopy grant.

Declaration of interest: Drs. Koji Kawaguchi, Hiroyuki Egi, Minoru Hattori, Hiroyuki Sawada, Takahisa Suzuki and Hideki Ohdan have no conflicts of interest to disclose.