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ORIGINAL ARTICLES

Communicative empowerment of people with intellectual disability

&
Pages 100-111 | Published online: 18 May 2012
 

Abstract

Background Personal narratives are conditional for victims of sexual abuse to overcome their trauma. Counsellors can help victims with intellectual disability to take an active position in conversations about sexuality and to co-construct a personal narrative.

Method Using discourse and conversational analysis, we studied 4 conversations between a counsellor and a woman with autism and mild intellectual disability.

Results In conversation with a counsellor the participant was able to express her inner emotions and understanding about sexual issues and other sensitive topics. She was able also to express disagreement and lack of understanding.

Conclusion In spite of communication limitations, clients with an intellectual disability can participate actively in conversations with counsellors. Although a helping or encouraging professional approach may also be suggestive and affect the authenticity of the client's narrative, it is the counsellor's duty to prevent distressing effects within the interview.

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge with appreciation Susan Balandin's generous and helpful feedback throughout the reviewing process.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

Appendix A. Fragment in Dutch (original language)

Fragment 1

(168) C: ↑ja dat jij zelf mag weten wat jij aan mij vertelt je mag mij ook zeggen,

(169) (0.8)

(170) C: dat wil ik niet vertellen, want dat vind ik moeilijk,dan moet je dat ook zeggen.

Fragment 2

(373) C: wat ga jij boven kijken bij leen?

(374) D: kleine pla:ten (leen).

(375) (0.7)

(376) D: de reveredeespeler.

(377) C: ↑o:h ja.

(378) (0.4)

(379)C: om kleine plaatje in de dvdspeler ˚ga je der dus naar toe˚

(380)D: ja of moet hij deur open laten of de moet leiding bijzijn zo

Fragment 3

(725) C: en dat deed ie met z'n handen he?

(726)(4.2)

(727) C: heeft ie je nog ergens pijn gedaan?

(728) (8.2)

(729) D: ˚nee.˚

(730) (5.1)

(731) D: heel hard heen en weer gaan daar.

(732) (0.7)

(733) C: heel hard heen en weer gaan ja waarmee deed ie dat?

(734) (2.5)

(735) D: (peen)

(736) (1.0)

(737) D: met euh (peen)

(738) (1.5)

(739) D: penis.

(740) (0.6)

(741) C: de penis van wie was die penis.

(742) (1.0)

(743) D: ˚(Richard)˚

(744) C: ˚ van Richard ohja ˚

(745) C: ˚ heel hard heen en weer gaan penis˚.

(746) (1.7)

(747) C: mm en wat vond jij daarvan?

(748) (1.2)

(749) D: pijn.

Fragment 4

(583) C: jij ze:gt ik ben ook bang dat Chris boos wordt he en daarom durf ik niet te

zeggen,

(584) (0.5)

(585) C: weg met die plak sperma.

(586) C: hoe gaan we dat nou doen?

(587) (23.7)

(588) D: leidingen (erbij) .

(589) C: de ↑leiding ( opgehaald) .

Fragment 5

(771) C: er zijn heleboel vrouwen die daar bang voor zijn he,

(772) (0.7)

(773) C: en die nemen dan iets mee en dan zijn ze nog wel bang maar niet zo heel erg.

(774) (0.6)

(775) D: en ik wel.

(776) C: jij wel, wil jij niks meenemen?

(777) D: weet ik niet nog niet.

(778) C: een baas over de bang,

(779) D: weet ik nog niet. =

(780) C: = ˚weet je nog niet˚ nee .hh. euh:m

(781) (3.0)

(782) C: als ik nou eens

(783) (1.2)

(784) C: heb jij iets op je kamer,

(785) (1.2)

(786) D: knuffelbeesten.

(787) (0.6)

(788) C: en die helpen jou om minder bang te worden.

(789) D: niet altijd soms ( ) maar huilen komt toch wel kan ik ( ) niet [weghalen.

(790) C: [ja nee nee maar dat hoeft ook [niet dan mag je dan mag je gerust huilen,

(791) D: [( ) kan ze niet weghalen [kan niet.

(792) C: [nee.

(793) (0.7)

(794) C: maar misschien helpt je knuffelbeer wel om een beetje minder bang te zijn he.

(795) D: kan niet helemaal.

Appendix B. Transcription conventions

(1.5) a silence with the length of the amount of indicated seconds (.) pause of (less than) 0.3 seconds

Text = : there is no observable silence between the turns of two successive speakers

= tekst2. or between successive utterances of the same speaker

[speaker these two participants start a turn at the same time

[speaker2

sp[reker1 a second speaker starts during the turn of the present speaker

[spreker2 exactly at the point of the bracket

↑tone rises

↓tone descends

↑expression↑ the whole utterance is expressed “high”

Accent the underlined syllable is accentuated

Stre:tch the concerning vowel or consonant is striking longer than “normal” for this speaker

LOUD text in capitals is uttered loud

˚softt˚ text that is uttered in a soft voice

Inte- the speaker suddenly stops

> the following text is uttered in a more quick pace (closing up sign <)

< the following text is uttered in a more slow pace (closing up sign >)

.hh. clearly observable breathing

L(a)u(gh)ing the concerning syllable is uttered while laughing

((cough)) characterisation of a nonverbal activity or another remarkable phenomenon

( ) speaker says something that cannot be heard or understood (the length between the brackets indicates globally the amount of missed syllables)

(iets) The transcriber is not certain if the text that is given is a correct representation of what has been said

↑ tone rises

↓tone descends

dis:ks the speaker has stretched the preceding letter or sound

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