Embolie gazeuse chez le rat

Abstract

Gaseous carbon dioxide was used to produce experimental pulmonary embolism in anaesthetized rats, the vagal nerves of which were either intact or severed.

1. Within seconds following intravenous CO₂ injection, pulmonary hypertension, moderate systemic hypotension and bradycardia occurred. After a short hyperventilation period, intact rats showed a brief and transient apnea. Vagotomy supresses (1) apnea presumably by interruption of reflexes from J pulmonary receptors (Paintal, 1967) and (2) bradycardia by the same token or by suppression of a reflex from auricular origin (Thorén, 1976).

2. Following that initial phase, the events were totally dependent on the right ventricular ability to overcome the pulmonary vascular resistance. If it failed, left and right pressures fell and a secondary apnea followed systemic hypotension. Vagotomy had no effect at this stage. Only half of all animals showed these features.

3. Pulmonary hypertension and hyperventilation lasted twenty minutes at least in intact rats, while vagotomized ones showed an evolution toward acute pulmonary oedema and death.

4. With the same amount of CO₂/kg, the dogs of Verstappen et al. (1977) showed only minimal cardio-vascular alterations. The mode of effective embolization in the two species was probably different, as a function of the respective circulation times. But this geometrical point of view is not the only one to be considered: in rats, the rise of pulmonary arterial blood pressure remains even when mechanical obstruction by bubbles has dissipated and a local prolonged vasospasm could be advocated.

5. Acute pulmonary oedema rapidly occurring in vagotomized rats seems to be related to the hyperinflation (very large tidal volume) as also seen in this species with other intensive respiratory drives.