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Original Article

Analysis of the occurrence of anencephalic stillbirths in the Fylde Peninsula, 1956-1967

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Pages 51-68 | Received 18 Dec 1977, Published online: 12 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Computer-based statistical signal methods have been applied to the analysis of case-occurrence time and location data from a 12-year complete series of anencephalic stillbirths in the Fylde Peninsula of Lancashire. In the absence of any certainty about causative or contributory factors in these occurrences, the primary questions are if the underlying process is Poisson, or if there is evidence of a seasonal influence, and if any regional differences or communicable factors can be identified.

With the limited case numbers (124) most small-sample statistical tests were not sufficiently informative. But using pattern and point-process analysis methods and simulation techniques, further elucidation is possible; for example, it is shown that a seasonally rate-modulated Poisson process is a reasonable model for case occurrences in the southern region, but not in the north, for which a different process must apply and where some evidence exists of clustering of preferred inter-event intervals.

It is concluded in particular, that there is a regional dependence, with seasonal factors, of the process underlying case occurrences, and in general, that signal analysis methods are useful in the interpretation of small-sample spatio-temporal epidemiological data.

Des méthodes statistiques de traitement des signaux sont utilisées pour l'analyse spatiot-temporelle d'observations de nouveaux-nès anencéphaliques. Ces observations ont été recueillies sur une période de 12 ans dans la péninsule du Lancashire.

En l'absence de toute certitude sur les causes ou les facteurs favorisants de cette effection, les recherches se sont orientées vers les toxiques, les influences saisonnières, les différences entre régions, les facteurs de contagion. Etant donné le petit nombre d'observations (124), les tests statistiques adaptés aux petits échantillons n'apportent que peu d'informations. En revanche, les méthodes de reconnaissance de formes et de simulation permettent de progresser. Dans la région sud par exemple, un processus saisonnier modulé par l'intervention de toxiques constitue un modèle acceptable. En conclusion, l'étude montre qu'il existe une dépendance locale et des facteurs saisonniers, et qu'au plan méthodologiques, les techniques d'analyse des signaux s'avèrent utiles pour les interprétations épidémiologiques spatiot-temporelles des petits échantillons.

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