Effect of Antenatal Exposure to Paroxetine (Paxil) on Growth and Physical Maturation of Mice Offspring

Abstract

Objective: Our purpose was to determine, in a placebo-controlled manner, whether antenatal exposure to paroxetine affected long-term growth and physical maturation of mice offspring.

Methods: Forty-one CD-I mice consumed paroxetine (n = 21) or a placebo (n = 20) for 2 weeks before conception and throughout gestation. The daily dose of paroxetine (Paxil; 30 mg/kg/d) was known to achieve concentrations in the serum equivalent to the upper therapeutic level in humans and in the fetal brain equivalent to that of the adult mouse. Growth and physical maturation of the offspring were compared by paired t-test, Welch's corrected test, and Fisher's exact test.

Results: The maternal weight gain, litter sizes, number of fetal resorptions, and gestational age at delivery were not different between the paroxetine and the placebo-exposed offspring. Newborn pups exposed to paroxetine were more likely to have low birthweights (1.65 gm vs. 1.70 gm; P < 0.05) and narrower heads (7.7 mm vs. 8.1 mm; P < 0.05). Body weight, body length, and head circumference measurements increased in a manner that was indistinguishable between the two groups of offspring, regardless of gender. No differences in achievement of physical milestones (lower incisor eruption, eye opening, and development of external genitalia) were noted between the two groups. The reproductive capability and the perinatal outcomes of the second-generation offspring were unaffected by paroxetine exposure.

Conclusion: A clinically relevant dose of paroxetine, when given throughout gestation, did not affect long-term growth and physical maturation of mice offspring.

Key Words:

• paroxetine
• mouse behavior
• cognition