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Original Article

Spanish hearing impairment inventory for the elderly: Cuestionario en Español sobre debilidad auditiva para adultos mayores

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Pages 221-230 | Received 20 Aug 2001, Accepted 18 Oct 2001, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

Self-assessment tools have proven to be useful in everyday practice in the audiology field, mostly in developed countries. There is a lack of such tests in Spanish. Our objective was to construct an inventory that could help us to identify elderly non-institutionalized patients who need an audiological assessment; we did not intend to identify or qualify emotional or social/situational reactions towards hearing handicap. As a prototype we initially translated, adapted and standardized the Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly. This questionnaire was given to 60 elderly subjects. The performance on each question was compared with the audiometric results. After selecting useful and suitable questions, modifying some others and eliminating those with a poor performance, a new inventory in Spanish was developed. This final version was then tested in 63 elderly subjects. Very good scores were obtained for each question. An ‘easy-to-use’ rule is proposed in order to identify those patients who need to be audiologically tested. A brief meta-linguistic analysis is made on semantic and cultural factors that contributed to good translation and cultural adaptation.

Las pruebas de autoevaluación han demostrado ser de utilidad en la práctica cotidiana en el campo de audiología, sobretodo en los países desarrollados. Hay una carencia de tales pruebas en Español. Nuestro objetivo fue diseñar un cuestionario que ayudara en la identificatión de adultos mayores no institucionalizados, que requeíian una evaluatión audiológica. No se intentó identificar o cualificar las reacciones emocionales o efectos sociales/situacionales por la discapacidad auditiva. Como prototipo, inicialmente se tradujo, adaptó y estandarizó el inventario de discapacidad auditivo para adultos mayores (HHIE). Este cuestionario se aplicó a 60 adultos mayores. Los resultados de cada pregunta fueron comparados con los resultados audiometricos. Después se seleccionaron las preguntas más ütiles, se modificaron algunas y se eliminaron otras cuyos resultados tenían poca correlatión. El nuevo cuestionario en Español se aplicó a otros 63 adultos mayores, con buenos resultados para cada pregunta. Se propone una fórmula “fácil de usar” para la identificatión de aquellos pacientes que necesiten una evaluatión audiólogica. Se presenta un breve análisis meta-lingüístico sobre los factores semánticos y culturales que contribuyeron a una buena traducción y adaptatión.

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