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Original Article

Connexin 26 preverbal hearing impairment: Mutation prevalence and heterozygosity in a selected population: Problemas auditivos preverbales por Conexina 26: Prevalencia de mutacion y heterocigosidad en una población seleccionada

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Pages 120-124 | Received 03 Apr 2001, Accepted 20 Jun 2001, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to determine the prevalence of Cx26 mutations in familial and sporadic cases of non-syndromic preverbal hearing impairment (HI). Molecular analysis of the Connexin 26 (Cx26/GJB2) gene was performed in 271 non-consanguineous individuals from the north of Italy, enrolled in the study because of the presence of non-syndromic preverbal sensorineural HI. One hundred and fortysix subjects (group 1) were referred from different ENT, paediatric and clinical genetic services, while 125 individuals (group 2) underwent Cx26 analysis based on precise anamnestic and clinical criteria for non-syndromic HI and low risk of acquired deficit. All of the cases were also classified as familial or sporadic due to the presence or absence of other documented childhood HI in the family. Of the total 271 individuals, 36.9% were positive for Cx26 mutations: 37 belonged to group 1 and 63 to group 2, which delineates a statistically significant difference between the two groups. The difference is mainly attributable to sporadically occurring cases. No significant differences between group 1 and group 2 were found regarding the prevalence of the common 35delG variant and the number of unidentified putative Cx26 alleles, although these latter were shown to be higher in sporadically occurring cases of the unselected group 1. The difference observed in Cx26 prevalence can be explained by the clinical selection of group 2, which ensures minimum risk of including cases of acquired HI. In particular, in cases of sporadically occurring HI, the use of a defined protocol increases the chances of a positive molecular result, improving genetic counselling and the possibility of establishing better genotype-phenotype correlation. Our data raise questions about the possible interpretation of Cx26 heterozygosity in a selected population of hearing-impaired individuals.

Sumario

El objetivo de esta investigatión fue determinar la prevalencia de las mutaciones de la Cx26 en casos familiares y esporádicos de impedimentos auditivos (HI) no sindrómicos preverbales. El análisis molecular del gen de la Conexina 26 (Cx26/GJB2) se llevó a cabo en 271 sujetos no consanguíneos del norte de Italia incluídos en el estudio por presentar un HI sensorineural no sindrómico. 146 sujetos (grupo 1) fueron referidos por servicios de ORL, de Pediatría o de Genética Clínica, mientras que 125 del grupo 2, siguieron el análisis de Cx26 con base en criterios anamnésicos y clínicos precisos para HI no sindrómicos y con bajo riesgo de deficit adquirido. Todos los casos fueron clasificados como familiares o esporádicos por la presencia o ausencia de otros HI infantiles documentados en la familia. Del total de 271 individuos, 36.9% fueron positivos para mutaciones de Cx26: 37 pertenecían al grupo 1 y 63 al grupo 2, lo que delínea una diferencia estadisticamente significativa entre los dos grupos. La diferencia es sobre todo atribuible a casos que ocurrieron esporadicamente. No hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en cuanto a la prevalencia de la variante 35delG y el numero de alelos supuestamente no identificados, a pesar de que estos últimos mostraron ser más en los casos que ocurrieron esporadicamente del grupo 1 no selecto. La diferencia observada en la prevalencia de la Cx26 puede explicarse por la selectión clínica del grupo 2, que asegura un minimo de riesgo de inclusion de casos de HI adquirido. En particular, en los casos de HI de ocurrencia esporadica, el uso de un protocolo definido aumenta las posibilidades de un resultado molecular positivo, con lo que mejora el consejo genetico y la posibilidad de establecer una mejor correlation genotipo-fenotipo. Nuestros datos plantean interrogantes sobre la posible interpretatión de la heterocigosidad de la Cx26 en una población seleccionada de individuos con impedimentos auditivos.

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