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Original Article

Hearing confirms existence and identity—experiences from persons with presbyacusis: La audición confirma la existencia y la identidad: experiencias de personas con presbiacusia

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Pages 106-115 | Received 17 Sep 2001, Accepted 30 Apr 2002, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

The purpose of the present qualitative study was to describe how elderly persons with presbyacusis experience living with that type of hearing loss. The ultimate goal is for these experiences to be used in personal-adjustment counselling in audio-logical rehabilitation. The study included seven men and seven women with mild-to-moderate hearing impairment of the typical presbyacusis type. Open-ended interviews were conducted with each person. The interviewees were analysed according to the phenomenographic approach, and 10 categories emerged: ‘Conversation takes away or maintains identity’, ‘It's other people's fault that I can't hear’, ‘Other people make you realize you can't hear’, ‘Society makes you think you shouldn't mind about your hearing loss’, ‘It's natural to hear badly when you are old’, ‘You should hear well all your life’, ‘You want to keep a feeling of continuity in your daily life in spite of your hearing loss’, ‘You don't need to hear everything’, ‘You want to hear so you feel that you're alive’, and ‘You want to hear so you understand and keep yourself informed’. All these categories deal with identity or existence and form the basis for how the hearing impairment is experienced and managed. The subjects protected their identity in various ways, but above all by blaming their poor hearing on old age, and managing it with simple everyday strategies that did not break the feeling of continuity in everyday life. Not until they experienced the lack of sound as a lack of contact with life was there any interest in help in the form of hearing technology. There is a need for information about the possibility of rehabilitating presbyacusis, as hearing is important not only for communication and spatial orientation, but also as affirmation of our existence as human beings.

El propósito de este estudio cualitativo fue describir la forma como las personas ancianas con presbiacusia experimentan la vida con ese tipo de hipoacusia. El objetivo final es el uso de esas experiencias para el asesoramiento hacia la adaptatión personal, en la rehabilitación audiológica. El estudio incluyó siete hombres y siete mujeres con un impedimento auditivo leve a moderado, tipico de la presbiacusia. Se realizaron entrevistas abiertas con eada persona. Los entrevistados fueron analizados eon base en un acercamiento fenomenográfico del que emergieron 10 categorias: “La conversación aleja o mantiene la identidad”, “Es falla de otras gentes que yo no pueda oir”, “Otras personas hacen que usted se de cuenta que no puede oír”, “La sociedad le haee pensar que usted no debería prestar atención a su pérdida auditiva”, “Es natural que alguien oiga mal cuando es anciano”, “Usted deberia oír bien toda su vida”, “Usted quiere conservar un sentimiento de continuidad en su vida diaria a pesar de su hipoacusia”, “Usted no necesita oírlo todo”, “Usted quiere oír y así sentirá que está vivo”, y “usted quiere oír y asi podrá comprender y mantenerse informado”. Todas esas categoria tienen que ver con la identidad o la existencia y constituyen la base de la forma de experimentar y afrontar el impedimento auditivo. Los sujetos protegen su identidad de varias maneras, pero sobre todo culpando a su edad por su pobre audición y enfrentando este hecho con estrategias cotidianas simples que no rompen el sentimiento de continuidad en la vida diaria. El interés para buscar ayuda con la tecnologia auditiva surge hasta que se experimenta la carencia de sonido como una carencia de contactos con la vida. Existe necesidad de información sobre las posibilidades de rehabilitación en la presbiacusia, en tanto la audición es importante no solo para la comuni-cación y la orientación espacial, sino también para la afirmación de nuestra existencia como seres humanos.

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