Effects of noise and audiovisual cues on speech processing in adults with and without ADHD

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the interplay among internal (e.g. attention, working memory abilities) and external (e.g. background noise, visual information) factors in individuals with and without ADHD. Design: A 2 × 2 × 6 mixed design with correlational analyses was used to compare participant results on a standardized listening in noise sentence repetition task (QuickSin; ), presented in an auditory and an audiovisual condition as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) varied from 25–0 dB and to determine individual differences in working memory capacity and short-term recall. Study sample: Thirty-eight young adults without ADHD and twenty-five young adults with ADHD. Results: Diagnosis, modality, and signal-to-noise ratio all affected the ability to process speech in noise. The interaction between the diagnosis of ADHD, the presence of visual cues, and the level of noise had an effect on a person's ability to process speech in noise. Conclusion: Young adults with ADHD benefited less from visual information during noise than young adults without ADHD, an effect influenced by working memory abilities.

Key Words::

• Noise
• signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
• audiovisual cues
• working memory capacity (WMC)
• Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• adult
• speech processing

Acknowledgements

The equipment and software used in this study was supported in part by funding from a Dept. of Defense SBIR subcontract to Old Dominion University.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.