Lexical effects on recognition of the NU-6 words by monolingual and bilingual listeners

Abstract

Objective: This study investigated how lexical effects account for word recognition in monolinguals versus bilinguals. Design: Listener-specific error rate and familiarity rating of 200 NU-6 words were obtained. Lexical data (normative familiarity, frequency of occurrence, neighborhood density, and frequency of neighborhood competitors) for these words were obtained from the Hoosier mental lexicon. Study sample: Participants included 10 monolinguals and three groups of 10 bilinguals differing mainly in age of acquisition and length of schooling/working in English. Results: Lexical effects were minimal for monolinguals’ word recognition. Listener-specific familiarity rating correlated to error rate better than the Hoosier normative rating. Frequency of occurrence was the most significant lexical variable in accounting for bilinguals’ measures and its effect was the greatest on bilinguals foreign born and educated. Age of English acquisition tended to affect familiarity rating, whereas length of schooling/working in English tended to affect error rate. Conclusions: Frequency of word occurrence significantly affects bilinguals’ familiarity rating and error rate of the NU-6 words. Listener-specific familiarity rating should be obtained to best predict error rate on the test.

Key Words::

• Bilingual
• word recognition
• word familiarity
• neighborhood activation
• frequency of occurrence
• neighborhood density
• frequency of neighborhood competitors

Acknowledgements

The author was grateful to all the listeners who participated in this study, Dr. Howard Nusbaum for providing the Hoosier mental lexicon, and Drs. Richard Wilson and Rachel McArdle for providing the recording of the speech material as well as the density and competitor frequency data.

Declaration of interest: The author reported no declarations of interest.