Evaluation of hydroxyapatite–bioglass and hydroxyapatite–ethyl vinyl acetate composite extracts on antioxidant defense mechanism and genotoxicity: An in vitro study

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass (HA BG) and hydroxyapatite–ethyl vinyl acetate (HA EVA) are two composite materials that have been developed for bone substitution. Their activity on antioxidant defense mechanism and genotoxicity has not been investigated before. To further confirm its biocompatibility, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of HA BG and HA EVA on mice liver antioxidant mechanism along with chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes. Physiological saline extract of HA BG and HA EVA showed no adverse effect on liver antioxidant mechanism compared to the cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced toxicity on mice liver homogenate. The results were judged from the in vitro studies made on reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase and lipid peroxidation. These results were well supported by CP- and mytomycin C (MC)-induced genotoxicity studies on human lymphocytes in the presence and absence of a metabolic activator (S9). Hence, it was suggested that these tests could be considered for preliminary toxicological screening of materials intended for clinical applications ahead of in vivo animal model evaluation.

Keywords::

• Hydroxyapatite–bioglass
• hydroxyapatite–ethyl vinyl acetate
• GSH
• GR
• lipid peroxidation
• chromosomal aberration

Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to the Director and Head BMT Wing, SCTIMST for providing the facilities to carry out the work. We are gratified to Dr. H.K. Varma, Bioceramic Laboratory, SCTIMST for providing the materials. The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms. Sheeja Liza Easo for support, S. Shaji and G. Harikumar for their technical assistance.

Declaration of interest

This research was supported by the grants from Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi.