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Declaration of interest
Rare Disease Therapeutics, Inc. (RDT) sponsored this study through contracts with the authors’ affiliated institutions, and Instituto Bioclon, SA de CV provided the F(ab’)2 antivenom for this study. The authors report remuneration for educational presentations from BTG international Inc (BTG) (SPB, AMR) and from RDT (AMR); participation in an expert panel sponsored by BTG that developed a treatment algorithm for pit viper envenomation (SPB, AMR, SAS); being investigators in phase 2 and/or phase 3 clinical trials of a black widow spider antivenom manufactured by Instituto Bioclon, under contract with Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center (SPB, AMR, SAS); being investigators in phase 2 and/or phase 3 clinical trials of a scorpion antivenom manufactured by Instituto Bioclon (AMR, LVB); and receiving a contract from Instituto Bioclon for development of North African antivenom (LVB).