Comparative Efficacy of Injectable Calcium and Magnesium Salts in the Therapy of Hydrofluoric Acid Burns

Abstract

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) causes severe skin burns which often progress in severity despite physiologic neutralization. The currently accepted therapy is the subcutaneous injection of calcium (Ca) gluconate to precipitate the residual free fluoride ion. Magnesium (Mg) also forms an insoluble fluoride salt and is less tissue irritating than Ca. This study compared the effects of subcutaneous injection of saline, Ca gluconate, Mg acetate (MgAc), and Mg sulfate (MgSO₄) on lesions resulting from HF burns in rats. Burns treated with either Mg compound healed 3.7 ± 1.7 days faster (p < 0.05), developed less severe lesions (p < 0.01) and exhibited 16 ± 12.4% less areal growth of the lesion (p < 0.05) than the burns left untreated or treated with saline. There was no difference in the incidence of infection between the study groups. The effects of burns treated with calcium were statistically similar to the control groups. This study suggests that Mg may be more effective than Ca in minimizing the duration, depth, and progression of dermal HF burns.