Treatment of Mercuric Chloride Poisoning with Dimercaptosuccinic Acid and Diuretics: Preliminary Studies

Abstract

The distribution and excretion of mercury were studied in mice given a single injection of HgCl₂ with or without chelation treatment. DMS (2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid) given intravenously (0.5 mmol SH/kg) to mice 24 h after the mercury injection reduced the kidney Hg level significantly, while NAPA (N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine) and BAL (2,3-dimercaptopropanol) did not. The effectivity of DMS to remove Hg from kidneys was comparable to that of BAL-sulph (2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate), irrespective of whether these chelating agents were given orally or intravenously. Immediate chelation treatment with DMS or mercaptodextran reduced the renal Hg level to about 50% of control levels, as measured 3 d after the treatment. Combination of DMS with immediate intraperitoneal treatment with spironolactone was even more effective in reducing the renal levels, and acted both by increasing the fecal and urinary excretion. The DMS treatment, as well as DMS ± spironolactone in combination, could protect against kidney damage following injection of 30 μmol HgCl₂/kg. Such treatment was essentially nontoxic.