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Abstract
Alcohol misuse and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly prevalent among veterans presenting to primary care. PTSD is associated with depression and increased substance use which can complicate the treatment of alcohol misuse. No studies have examined severity of depressive symptoms, rates and type of illicit drug use, and alcohol use severity in veterans with PTSD and alcohol misuse in primary care. Therefore, we examined (a) rates of PTSD and associated mental health comorbidities (depression, suicidal ideation), (b) current and lifetime illicit drug use and (c) alcohol use severity in relation to PTSD status in a sample of veterans presenting to primary care with alcohol misuse. We also tested the hypothesis that greater depressive symptoms, illicit drug use and alcohol use severity would be independently associated with greater likelihood of PTSD, after controlling for age and ethnicity. Veterans (N = 166) were recruited from primary care as part of an intervention study between the years 2010 and 2011. Veterans participating in the study completed an in-person semi-structured interview with study staff. Using the post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Military version, we found a 16.3% rate of PTSD. PTSD was associated with greater depressive symptoms, rates of suicidal ideation, alcohol use severity, current use of hypnotics and lifetime use of cocaine and amphetamines. Using logistic regression, we found that severity of depressive symptoms and lifetime cocaine use were independently associated with greater likelihood of PTSD, after controlling for age and ethnicity. Treatment implications of these findings are discussed.
Declaration of interest
This research was supported by a Career Development Award 2 (CDA 08-004) to Dr. Cucciare by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Service. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States government. There are no financial conflicts to disclose.