Improved osseointeraction of calcium phosphate-coated external fixation pins: Studies in calves

Abstract

We investigated osseointeraction of solution-precipitated calcium phosphate (SPCP)-coated transfix-ation pins used in external skeletal fixation of a calf stable fracture model. One group (SPCP) received centrally-threaded transfixation pins which had SPCP coating; the other group (control) received identical, but not coated, pins. Radiographs were obtained 1 and 40 days after surgery and examined for evidence of osteolysis. Bone phase ^99rnTc-MDP studies were performed 6 and 28 days after surgery. Calves were killed 40 days after surgery and mechanical tests performed. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and histomorphometric analyses were done. A smaller proportion of SPCP pins (5/24) had evidence of discharge during the study compared with control pins (21/24). A smaller proportion of SPCP pins (4%) had radiographic evidence of osteolysis compared with control pins (42%). Uptake of ^99mTc-MDP was similar for SPCP and control calves. Uptake was significantly greater in bone segments showing radiographic evidence of osteolysis than in bone segments not having osteolysis. Yield stress (MPa) for axial displacement was similar in the treatment groups. Bone mineral density was less in SPCP pins. Affinity index and interface histologic score were greater and osteoclastic index less in SPCP calves. Coating of transfixation pins with solution-precipitated calcium phosphate improved the osseointeraction of pin and bone during this 40-day study.