Abstract
Objective. Increasing our understanding of the differences between obesity and overweight status across various geographical areas may have important public health implications. We aimed to explore prevalence and factors (i.e., demographic and lifestyle) associated with overweight and obesity among youth across urban, suburban and rural settings. Methods. A cross-sectional study used self-reported data collected from students (grades 9–12) attending 76 high schools in Ontario, Canada, as part of the SHAPES-Ontario study (2005–2006). Of the 34 578 eligible students selected to complete the Physical Activity Module in the 76 participating schools, 73.5% (n=25 416; 50.8% males, 49.2% females) completed the survey. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using body mass index for weight measurement and self-reported data on lifestyle factors, and self-perception of body weight. Results. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 14.3% and 6.3%, respectively. The prevalence of overweight in urban, suburban and rural areas was 14.6%, 13.8% and 15.1%, respectively, while the prevalence of obesity was 6.3%, 6.0% and 6.7%, respectively, and the difference was significant (χ2= 16.53, p<0.05). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, TV watching, level of urbanization and perception of body weight were important predictors of overweight and obesity. Conclusion. Our understanding of how overweight and obesity rates vary depending on the level of urbanization may help health professionals to either tailor programs to the needs of the individuals living in these different areas or to target existing programs to the contexts where they are most likely to have an impact.
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Acknowledgements
Data used in this analysis were drawn from the SHAPES-Ontario project, funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care/Ministry of Health Promotion and by Cancer Care Ontario (grant awarded to S. Leatherdale and S. Manske). The project was conducted by the Population Health Research Group at the University of Waterloo, with in-kind contributions from participating Public Health units. The concept for the SHAPES data collection and feedback system was developed by the Canadian Cancer Society's Centre for Behavioural Research and Program Evaluation. Dr. Leatherdale is a Cancer Care Ontario Research Chair in Population Studies.
Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.