Model for assessment of mobility of toes and healing of tendons in rabbits

Abstract

Repair of a transected flexor tendon will, despite careful technique and early rehabilitation, usually result in a restricted range of movement. This is mainly because adhesions form between the tendon and the surrounding structures. Our aim was to establish an experimental model in rabbits for future studies on new techniques to reduce the formation of adhesions after zone II repair of flexor tendons. In rabbits' hind paws the metatarsal bones II, IV, and V were removed and the flexor tendon was freed to the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. The digits were secured in a specifically-designed biomechanical testing device comprising a servo-hydraulic actuator that was designed to apply controlled force or displacement. The tests were videotaped with a digital force-monitor behind the tested digit. Paper printouts from the recordings were obtained for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Newton (N) and metatarsophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, and distal interphalangeal, angles and distances between metatarsophalangeal joints and claws were measured. The tensile strength of the tendon was evaluated by a load-to-failure test. The continuous data obtained from the experiments were used to calculate functional stiffness at the selected forces. The model allows for unique continuous recordings of mobility of toes, thereby indirectly quantifying the presence of adhesions and the assessment of tensile strength. The data are reproducible, and there is little variation between the digits tested. The model is primarily intended to compare data among treated and non-treated digits of methods to limit the formation of adhesions after tendons have been repaired.

Key Words::

• Flexor tendon
• tensile strength
• adhesions
• rabbit
• biomechanical model

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by grants from the Pharmasurgics AB research fund, Gothenburg, Sweden. All authors except for LE are employed or consultants to the company Pharmasurgics AB, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.